تحلیل تأثیر شاخص‌های اقتصاد دانش‌محور بر تولید ناخالص داخلی کشورها
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت بازرگانی
کاظم امجدی
1
(مربی، گروه اقتصاد، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران)
غلامرضا رهبری بنائیان
2
(عضو هیأت علمی گروه علوم پایه (مربی) واحد تبریز ،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران)
غلامرضا سلطانی فسقندیس
3
(مدرس گروه مدیریت ، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران)
کلید واژه: تولید ناخالص داخلی, اقتصاد دانش‌محور, شاخص توسعه انسانی,
چکیده مقاله :
اهمیت روز افزون نقش دانش در اقتصاد به تفکر اقتصاد دانش محور منجر شده است. اقتصاد دانش محور را می‌توان نوعی از اقتصاد تصور کرد که در آن تولید و بهره‌برداری از دانش نقش عمده‌ای در ایجاد ثروت ایفا می‌کند. بر همین اساس نیز هدف اصلی این مقاله بررسی تأثیر شاخص های اقتصاد دانش محور بر تولید ناخالص داخلی کشورها می باشد. در راستای هدف اصلی مقاله پنج فرضیه مطرح شده است. این تحقیق بر اساس هدف، از نوع تحقیقات کاربردی و توسعه ای و بر اساس ماهیّت انجام کار از نوع توصیفی می باشد. جامعه آماری این تحقیق شامل کلیه کشورهایی می باشد که داده های مربوط به درجه اقتصاد دانش محور بودن آنها در پایگاه اطلاعاتی بانک جهانی موجود می باشد. تعداد این کشورها بر اساس داده های این پایگاه 148 کشور می باشد. به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها در این تحقیق از آزمون های آماری کلموگروف- اسمیرنوف و آزمون رگرسیون استفاده شده است. نتایج بررسی ها نشان می دهد که توسعه انسانی، رژیم اقتصادی و مشوق های اقتصادی، سیستم نوآوری و ابداع، آموزش و منابع انسانی و زیر ساخت های اطلاعاتی بر تولید ناخالص داخلی کشورها تأثیر دارند.
The increasing importance of the role of knowledge in economy has led to “Knowledge-based economy”. Knowledge-based economy can be considered as a kind of economy in which the creation and application of knowledge play a major role in creating wealth. Accordingly, the main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of knowledge-based economy indices on countries’ gross domestic production (GDP). In line with the main aim of the paper, five hypotheses have been proposed. From the viewpoint of the objective, the research is of applied and developmental type, and from the viewpoint of the nature of procedure, it is descriptive. The statistical population includes all the countries whose degree of knowledge-based economy is available in the database of the World Bank. The number of these countries, according to the database, is 148. In order to analyze the data, we used Kolmogorov-Smirnov and regression tests. The results indicate that human development, economic regimes and economic incentives, innovation systems, education and human resources, and information infrastructures have a direct effect on countries’ GDP.
Adams, J. D. (1990), Fundamental stocks of knowledge and productivity growth, Journal of political economy, Vol. 98, No.4, pp.673-702.
APEC (2000), towards knowledge-based economy in APEC, Report by APEC Economic Committee.
Barro, R. (1991), Economic growth in across-section of countries, Journal of Economy, Vol.106, No.2, pp.407-443.
Basseri, B., Asghari, N., & Mohammad Kia, N. (2011). Comparative Analysis of the Role of Econometric Economics Components on Economic Growth. Journal of Economic Research, 16(47), 1-29, (In Persian).
Behbudi, D., & Amiri, B. (2010). The Long-Term Relationship between Economics of Students and Economic Growth in Iran. Science and Technology Policy, 4, 23-32, (In Persian).
Ceric, V. (2003), Building a knowledge economy, American Economic Review, Vol.79, pp. 857-900.
Chen, D.H.C. & Carl J D. (2005), The knowledge economy, the KAM methodology and world bank operations, The world bank, Washington DC, pp.5-8
Chen, D.H.C. & Carl, J D.(2005), The knowledge economy, the KAM methodology and world bank operations, The World Bank, Washington DC, pp.5-8.
Conceicao, P. & M.V. Heitor (1997), Balancing Institutional Integrity with organizational diversity, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 103, pp. 759-784.
Danayi Fard, H. (2004). Knowledge-based Economics and Preservation of University Institutional Integrity. Research and Planning in Higher Education, 33, 163-193, (In Persian).
Dasgupta, P. & David, P. (1994), toward a new economics of science, Research Policy, Vol. 33, pp. 487-521.
Emadzadeh, M., & Shahnazi, R. A. (2007). The Study of the Bases and Indicators of knowledge-Based Economy and its Position in Selected Countries Compared to Iran. Journal of Economic Research, 4, 146-148, (In Persian).
Entezari, Y. (2004). The Advent of the Knowledge Economy and the Necessity of Evolution in Iranian Education. National Proceedings of Education Reform Engineering, (In Persian).
Godin, B. (2001), the knowledge based economy: conceptual framework or buzzword, Economic Journal, Vol. 107, pp.134-149.
Hanushek, E. & kimko, D. D. (2000), Schooling labor-Force Quality, and the growth of nations, American Economic Review, Vol.90, No.5, pp.1184-1208.
Hsu, G.J., Lin, Y.H. & Wei, Z.Y.(2008), Competition policy for technological innovation in an era of knowledge-based economy Knowledge-Based Systems, Volume 21, Issue 8, pp. 826-832.
Imadzadeh, M., Shahnazi, R. A., & Dehghan Shabani, Z. (2006). The Study of the Realization of the Knowledge-Driven Economy in Iran (Comparative Comparison with Three Neighboring Countries). Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, 2, 105-107, (In Persian).
Kerr, A. & Riain, S.Ó. (2009), Knowledge Economy International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, Volume 63, Issue 9, pp. 31-36.
Memarnejad, A. (2005). Knowledge Based Economics; Requirements, Indicators, Iran's Situation, Challenges and Strategies. Journal of Economics and Business Novin, 1, (In Persian).
Niwandi, F. (2004). Introduction to Knowledge Economy. Publishers of Tava Design and Industries and Mines, (In Persian).
OECD. (1996), the knowledge based economy, Paris: OECD.
Oliner, S. D. & Sichel, D. E. (2000), the resurgence of growth in the late 1990s: Is information technology the story? Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol.14, No.4, pp.3-22.
Pilat, D. & Lee, F. (2001), Productivity growth in ICT producing and ICT-using industries: a source of growth differentials in the OECD?, STI Working Paper, OECD.
Romer, P. M. (1986), Increasing returns and long- run growth, Journal of Political Economy, Vol.94, pp.102-1037.
Sabau, G.L.(2010), Know, live and let live: Towards a redefinition of the knowledge-based economy- sustainable development nexus , Ecological Economics, Volume 69, Issue 6,pp.1193-1201.
Sadeghi, M., & Azarbayejani, K. (2006). The Role and Place of a knowledge-Based Economy in Iran's Labor Demand. Iranian Economic Research, 27, 175-197, (In Persian).
Solow, Robert. (1957), Technical change and the aggregate production function, Review of Economic and statistics, Vol.39, pp. 312-320.
Vahidi, P. (2001). Knowledge-Based Economy and the Role of Research and Development. Challenges and Perspectives, (In Persian).
World Bank. (2003), Engendering ICT: ensuring gender equality in ICT for Development, Washington D.C, September.
World Bank. (2003), ICT and MDGs: a world bank group perspective, Washington D.C December.
Zahedi, Sh. S., & Kheirandish, M. (2007). Explaining Structural Factors in the Knowledge-Driven Economy: A Case Study. Iranian Management Studies, 6, 49-68, (In Persian).
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Adams, J. D. (1990), Fundamental stocks of knowledge and productivity growth, Journal of political economy, Vol. 98, No.4, pp.673-702.
APEC (2000), towards knowledge-based economy in APEC, Report by APEC Economic Committee.
Barro, R. (1991), Economic growth in across-section of countries, Journal of Economy, Vol.106, No.2, pp.407-443.
Basseri, B., Asghari, N., & Mohammad Kia, N. (2011). Comparative Analysis of the Role of Econometric Economics Components on Economic Growth. Journal of Economic Research, 16(47), 1-29, (In Persian).
Behbudi, D., & Amiri, B. (2010). The Long-Term Relationship between Economics of Students and Economic Growth in Iran. Science and Technology Policy, 4, 23-32, (In Persian).
Ceric, V. (2003), Building a knowledge economy, American Economic Review, Vol.79, pp. 857-900.
Chen, D.H.C. & Carl J D. (2005), The knowledge economy, the KAM methodology and world bank operations, The world bank, Washington DC, pp.5-8
Chen, D.H.C. & Carl, J D.(2005), The knowledge economy, the KAM methodology and world bank operations, The World Bank, Washington DC, pp.5-8.
Conceicao, P. & M.V. Heitor (1997), Balancing Institutional Integrity with organizational diversity, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 103, pp. 759-784.
Danayi Fard, H. (2004). Knowledge-based Economics and Preservation of University Institutional Integrity. Research and Planning in Higher Education, 33, 163-193, (In Persian).
Dasgupta, P. & David, P. (1994), toward a new economics of science, Research Policy, Vol. 33, pp. 487-521.
Emadzadeh, M., & Shahnazi, R. A. (2007). The Study of the Bases and Indicators of knowledge-Based Economy and its Position in Selected Countries Compared to Iran. Journal of Economic Research, 4, 146-148, (In Persian).
Entezari, Y. (2004). The Advent of the Knowledge Economy and the Necessity of Evolution in Iranian Education. National Proceedings of Education Reform Engineering, (In Persian).
Godin, B. (2001), the knowledge based economy: conceptual framework or buzzword, Economic Journal, Vol. 107, pp.134-149.
Hanushek, E. & kimko, D. D. (2000), Schooling labor-Force Quality, and the growth of nations, American Economic Review, Vol.90, No.5, pp.1184-1208.
Hsu, G.J., Lin, Y.H. & Wei, Z.Y.(2008), Competition policy for technological innovation in an era of knowledge-based economy Knowledge-Based Systems, Volume 21, Issue 8, pp. 826-832.
Imadzadeh, M., Shahnazi, R. A., & Dehghan Shabani, Z. (2006). The Study of the Realization of the Knowledge-Driven Economy in Iran (Comparative Comparison with Three Neighboring Countries). Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, 2, 105-107, (In Persian).
Kerr, A. & Riain, S.Ó. (2009), Knowledge Economy International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, Volume 63, Issue 9, pp. 31-36.
Memarnejad, A. (2005). Knowledge Based Economics; Requirements, Indicators, Iran's Situation, Challenges and Strategies. Journal of Economics and Business Novin, 1, (In Persian).
Niwandi, F. (2004). Introduction to Knowledge Economy. Publishers of Tava Design and Industries and Mines, (In Persian).
OECD. (1996), the knowledge based economy, Paris: OECD.
Oliner, S. D. & Sichel, D. E. (2000), the resurgence of growth in the late 1990s: Is information technology the story? Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol.14, No.4, pp.3-22.
Pilat, D. & Lee, F. (2001), Productivity growth in ICT producing and ICT-using industries: a source of growth differentials in the OECD?, STI Working Paper, OECD.
Romer, P. M. (1986), Increasing returns and long- run growth, Journal of Political Economy, Vol.94, pp.102-1037.
Sabau, G.L.(2010), Know, live and let live: Towards a redefinition of the knowledge-based economy- sustainable development nexus , Ecological Economics, Volume 69, Issue 6,pp.1193-1201.
Sadeghi, M., & Azarbayejani, K. (2006). The Role and Place of a knowledge-Based Economy in Iran's Labor Demand. Iranian Economic Research, 27, 175-197, (In Persian).
Solow, Robert. (1957), Technical change and the aggregate production function, Review of Economic and statistics, Vol.39, pp. 312-320.
Vahidi, P. (2001). Knowledge-Based Economy and the Role of Research and Development. Challenges and Perspectives, (In Persian).
World Bank. (2003), Engendering ICT: ensuring gender equality in ICT for Development, Washington D.C, September.
World Bank. (2003), ICT and MDGs: a world bank group perspective, Washington D.C December.
Zahedi, Sh. S., & Kheirandish, M. (2007). Explaining Structural Factors in the Knowledge-Driven Economy: A Case Study. Iranian Management Studies, 6, 49-68, (In Persian).